Ophthalmology of Exotic Pets

by David L. Williams
March 2012

This quick reference handbook covers the diagnosis and treatment of eye disease in a range of exotic companion animal species, including rabbits, rodents, reptiles, birds, amphibians and fish. It clarifies when extrapolation from cat or dog eyes is appropriate, or when new information is needed to ensure that diagnoses and treatments are appropriate for the particular species. Writing in an accessible and down to earth style, the author brings a wealth of personal experience to this specialised subject area. The book contains many ophthalmic photographs of both anatomy in normal eyes and pathology in abnormal cases. It also includes a separate chapter on the common ophthalmic features of exotic pets, discussing what can be learnt from cross-species comparison and another chapter giving a brief history of comparative ophthalmology.

Ophthalmology of Exotic Pets is an invaluable aid for veterinary practitioners and students with an interest in exotic pet species, as well as for veterinary ophthalmologists.

Covers lagomorphs, rodents, reptiles, birds, amphibians and fish
Offers clear guidance for species-specific treatment
Facilitates extrapolations from the cat or dog to the exotic eye
Written in a concise quick reference format
Highly illustrated with colour photographs

Table of Contents

Foreword viii
Acknowledgements x
Dedication xi
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
Reference 2
Chapter 2 A brief history of comparative ophthalmology 3
References 8
Chapter 3 Common features of exotic animal ophthalmology 9
Ocular examination 9
Ancillary tests 11
Ocular pharmacology 13
References 13
Chapter 4 The rabbit eye 15
Introduction 15
Anatomy and physiology of the rabbit eye 15
What do rabbits see? 18
Adnexal disease 21
Diseases of the orbit 36
Diseases of the cornea 39
Diseases of the lens 44
Diseases of the iris 46
Glaucoma 49
Retinal disease 52
References 52
Chapter 5 The guinea pig eye 56
Anatomy and physiology of the guinea pig eye 56
What do guinea pigs see? 56
Diseases of the guinea pig eye 57
References 72
Chapter 6 The ferret eye 73
Anatomy and physiology of the ferret eye 73
What do ferrets see? 73
Diseases of the ferret eye 75
References 84
Chapter 7 The rat and mouse eye 86
Anatomy of the eye 86
A note on ophthalmoscopy 87
What do rats and mice see? 88
Ophthalmic disease in rats and mice 89
References 106
Chapter 8 The eye of other mammalian exotic pet species 109
Introduction 109
Hamsters 109
Gerbils 110
Chinchillas 111
Degus 111
Hedgehogs 112
Primates 114
References 116
Chapter 9 The avian eye 119
Introduction 119
Anatomy and physiology of the avian eye 119
What do birds see? 127
Evaluating the avian eye 130
Orbital disease 131
Lid and adnexal disease 135
Corneal disease 143
Uveal disease 146
Lens disease 148
Retinal disease 151
Horner’s syndrome 152
Enucleation 153
References 155
Chapter 10 The reptile eye 159
Introduction 159
Anatomy and physiology of the reptilian eye 159
Biology of the reptilian spectacle 162
What do reptiles see? 164
Diseases of the reptile eye 167
References 193
Chapter 11 The amphibian eye 197
Anatomy and physiology of the amphibian eye 197
What do amphibians see? 199
Diseases of the amphibian eye 200
Enucleation 208
Conclusion 208
References 208
Chapter 12 The fish eye 211
Introduction 211
Anatomy and physiology of the fish eye 212
What do fish see? 214
Diseases of the aquarium fish eye 216
References 227
Conclusions 228
Index 231

Author Information

David Williams is Associate Lecturer in Veterinary Ophthalmology in the Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine at the University of Cambridge and a Fellow, Director of Studies and College Lecturer in veterinary medicine and pathology at St John’s College, Cambridge.

Reviews

“However, Ophthalmology of Exotic Pets could certainly serve as an important and necessary resource for, and a valuable addition to the library of, primary care practitioners who frequently practice exotic animal medicine and surgery.” (Journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association, 15 December 2012)

“This book is an excellent text to have in any small animal, exotic or zoo clinic and is recommended for its ease of use and clinical application.” (The Veterinary Record, 15 September 2012)

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